Fast estimation of the calorific values of forest fuels by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
نویسندگان
چکیده
Fuel calorific value is an important parameter in fire behaviour. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining the calorific value of fuel. Fifty samples of various fuel components from the Mediterranean forest (17.124.6 MJ⋅kg1) were used to establish a calibration equation between NIR spectra (11002500 nm) and calorific value. The coefficient of determination (r2) of the regression between predicted and measured values was 0.92 and the standard error of cross validation was 0.50 MJ⋅kg1, i.e., twice the standard error of the measurement by the conventional method in a bomb calorimeter (0.23 MJ⋅kg1). Using this calibration equation, the calorific values of two sets of 15 samples collected weekly during the fire season from two shrub species, Arbutus unedo L. and Erica arborea L., were predicted. The r2 between NIRS-predicted and measured values were 0.79 and 0.76, respectively, and the standard errors of prediction were 0.36 and 0.21 MJ⋅kg1. These results show that NIRS is less accurate than the standard method but it can be used to quickly determine the calorific value of fuels when a large number of measurements are required. Résumé : La valeur calorifique des combustibles est un paramŁtre important du comportement du feu. Lobjectif de cette Øtude est dØvaluer les potentialitØs de la spectromØtrie de rØflexion dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR) pour dØterminer la valeur calorifique de diffØrents combustibles. Cinquante Øchantillons reprØsentatifs des combustibles de la forŒt mØditerranØenne (17,1 à 24,6 MJ⋅kg1) ont ØtØ utilisØs pour Øtablir une Øquation de calibration entre spectres PIR (1100 2500 nm) et valeur calorifique. Le coefficient de dØtermination de la rØgression entre les valeurs ainsi prØdites et les valeurs mesurØes est de 0,92 et lerreur standard de calibration est de 0,50 MJ⋅kg1, soit une valeur deux fois plus ØlevØe que lerreur standard de la mesure par la mØthode conventionnelle (0,23 MJ⋅kg1). À partir de cette Øquation de calibration, les valeurs calorifiques de deux sØries de quinze Øchantillons de deux espŁces darbustes, Arbutus unedo L. et Erica arborea L., rØcoltØs une fois par semaine pendant la saison des incendies, ont ØtØ prØdites. Les coefficients de dØtermination entre valeurs prØdites et mesurØes sont respectivement de 0,79 et 0,76 et les erreurs standard de prØdiction de 0,36 et 0,21 MJ⋅kg1. Ces rØsultats montrent que la SPIR est moins prØcise que la mØthode standard mais quelle peut Œtre utilisØe pour la dØtermination rapide de la valeur calorifique de combustibles diffØrents lorsquun grand nombre de mesures sont necessaires.
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